Introduction:
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard of vascular access for hemodialysis patients. Multi-disciplinary initiatives involving integrated care by urologists, nephrologists and renal nurses together with pre-operative brief sonographic vascular mapping by urologists have been introduced since January 2011 at Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study is to compare the AVF outcomes before and after implementation of these initiatives.
Materials and Methods:
